Developing network models of development projects: An introduction > Network Examples Boundary networks

A research funding project and the network of organisations it has funded.

The network diagram


PETRRA was a research funding project, funded by DFID, and managed by IRRI Bangladesh. Research grants were given to individual organisations, and partnerships of organisations, through a competitive grant making mechanism. The aim of the project was to contribute to the alleviation of poverty in Bangladesh through research which enabled increases in the rice productivity of "resource poor rice farmers".  The network diagram below shows the full set of contractual relationships between the project management unit (shown as PETRRA, the grey circle) and the organisations participating in the 44 different research projects funded by PETRRA.

Participating organisations are color coded by type: Green = government bodies, Red = NGOs, Yellow = Universities, Blue = international research institutions, Brown = private sector organisations. Some of the relationships shown in the network diagram pre-existed the project, most notably the relationship between PETRRA (i.e. IRRI Bangladesh) and BRRI (Bangladesh Rice Research Institute). Many other relationships were new, most notably the linkages between BRRI (a government body) and the various NGOs. Also new was the relationship between some of the universities and the NGOs. While the original project design had no explicit objectives relating to the establishment and/or expansion of different kinds of institutional relationships, in practice as the project developed it became clear that the continuation of the Government-NGO and Universities-NGO relationships was important, and should be encouraged.  



A simplified matrix version

This complex network can be shown in a simplied form by focusing on the types of organisations involved and the connections between them. As mentioned above, there are five type: government bodies, universities, NGOs, private sector organisations and international organisations. The matrix below shows the numbers of connections between each of these types. They have been sorted by row and column to highlight where the linkages are most and least common. This helps highlight where there are no linkages, as well as where there are the most. There were no linkages between universities, and no linkages between private sector and universities. Links between universities and international organisations were also uncommon.




This matrix can also be treated as a meta-matrix, and used as the basis for planning of more detailed investigation of specific kinds of linkages. The NGOs x Government bodies cell could be expanded into a matrix of its own, to show in detail the structure of the many relationships in this cell. There are likely to be a number of types, such as dyadic relationships between government and NGO, relationships where there are multiple government bodies and one NGO, and vice versa. These could provide different competing models of possible government-NGO research relationships, or they may reflect models which are each most suitable to a specific set of circumstances.